Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of initial live weight of pigs at the time of introducing the JCA in diets with low protein levels in the evolution of behavioral traits and characteristics of the channel of pigs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Location
The experiment was conducted in the Section of Swine, Faculty of Agronomy of the Universidad Central de Venezuela in Maracay, Aragua state, Venezuela. The cane sugar was obtained from a commercial plantation of about 12 months and the JCA was removed daily through a horizontal mill trapiche or three clubs with an extraction efficiency of 35.5 ± 3%, JCA showed an average of 20 ± 4 ° Brix. After filtration was extracted, packaged and stored in a cellar cooling to 0 ± 3 ° C for a period not to exceed 48 hours. All other materials were obtained in commercial houses.
Animals and accommodation
We used 50 pigs, 25 castrated males and 25 females, hybrids, with an initial live weight of 25 ± 1 kg, derived from crosses between breeds Landrace, Yorkshire, Hampshire, and Duroc Jersey Pietra. The animals were housed per couple (a castrated male and one female) per pen in a barn open up the experimental unit. Each pen with an area of 2.4 m 2 was equipped with a trough which allowed the consumption of sufficient JCA and had free access to drinking water through nipple drinkers type.
Design of experiment and feeding strategy
The design was completely randomized experiment with 5 repetitions, 2 pigs per experimental unit and 5 treatments:
T 1 = balanced diet with corn (DB) from 25 kg live weight until you reach the final weight.
T = 2 + cane juice protein concentrate (JCP) from 25 kg live weight until you reach the final weight.
T 3 = DB from 25 kg live weight until 30 kg live weight and then fed PCB until the final weight.
T 4 = DB from 25 kg live weight until 40 kg live weight and then fed PCB until the final weight.
T = 5 DB from 25 kg live weight until 55 kg live weight and then fed PCB until the final weight.
The animals were weighed weekly collection of food is consumed, and cleaning of seats and animals were made daily between 07:00 and 09:00 h, respectively.
Management allowances
The pigs that consumed JCA, were narrowly focused on protein (CP) consisting of proteins, minerals, vitamins, in a ration of 10:00. To ensure the consumption of the CP JCA was provided ad libitum from 12:30 h. Pigs consuming the DB received ad libitum at 1000 h. The CP and DB were made through the program NUTRION [24] according to the requirements of each stage (I Growth, Growth and Termination II.), Using tables of nutrient requirements Vicosa-MG (2000) [36] and prepared in a horizontal paddle mixer with a capacity of 500 kg. The ingredients used are shown in Table I and II.
Chemical analysis of diets
We used the methodology of the AOAC [2] in the determination of dry matter, ash, crude fiber, ether extract, and nitrogen. While the determination of gross energy was carried out through the assessment of the combustion heat generated in an adiabatic calorimetric bomb, using benzoic acid as standard [26]. In the case of the gross energy of CAB followed a similar methodology to that used for urine samples recommended for liquids [10] (Tables I and II).
Evaluation of the canal
At the end of the experimental period, all pigs were sacrificed after a period of 24 hours of fasting. The carcass weight was determined through direct measurement of the channel including a cold head, legs and tail [25] and the yield was calculated as a percentage of live weight. The thickness of back fat was obtained by averaging the direct measurement using a measuring rule, with the carcass in cold readings taken in the first and last rib and last lumbar vertebra on both sides of the midline [14] . The dissection of the carcass was cold separating it into four parts: spine, ribs, ham and Solomo [25]. After cutting, each side was dissected into lean meat or separable portion, fat and bone [1].
Statistical analysis
The results were subjected to analysis of variance [35] as a classification, using the general linear model procedure PROC MIXED, the Institute of Statistical Analysis Systems [33], according to the design of completely randomized experiment, considering the week as a repeated measure on the experimental unit. Differences between treatment means were determined by the LSMEANS test averages. The effect of variation in initial weight of pigs according to the analysis of covariance did not produce a significant change affecting the experimental error. The features of the canal, followed by final covariable for weight [31]. The probability level of significance was accepted as P <0.05 unless specified otherwise. Were used Statistix 7.0 statistical package for Windows [34] and SAS for Windows [33].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The composition of the CAB were similar to those reported in several Brazilian artifacts [11, 12]. It was not possible to find another date information regarding chemical analysis of CAB used in most other studies related to the provision of CAB given to pigs [5, 18, 19, 21, 29, 32].
Under no circumstances during the conduct of this trial was observed the presence of liquid stool or diarrhea in pigs receiving JCA. Other authors [7, 21, 30] found some diarrhea during the first few days where it was raw sugar as the main source of energy for growing pigs. But it was assumed that this was due to a response of animals to a dietary challenge with no prior adaptation. Moreover, in this study there was no effect of treatment, nor in the growth phase or at the end (Table III). In this connection, there was also no sign of fermentation JCA, according to the characteristics of smell or taste of the juice. It has been urged [20] in which the pigs refused to eat fermented JCA, which was not seen in any circumstances during the entire experiment.
Throughout the evaluation period, the pigs began consumption JCA showed values significantly (P <0.01) higher consumption of juice, the animals for the treatment began to consume JCA at the end of the phase growth and the principle of being finalized. As expected, the daily consumption of protein was significantly (P <0.01) lower in animals fed diets based on JCA compared with that of pigs fed the control diet. In general, there was a significant increase (P <0.05) in the intake of DM in pigs fed with JCA during the completion, as well as in growth (P <0.01). Bui [6] found a nonsignificant increase in the consumption of food if the pigs were fed rehydrated JCA, rather than if they were made with a diet containing rice bran and soybean flour.
Daily gain and feed conversion of MS were higher (P <0.05, P <0001) in pigs fed the control diet during the growth phase (Table IV), like what has been obtained by other authors [6]. However, no differences were observed between treatments during the completion and during the whole period (growth-completion). Other researchers [7] observed that isoproteic diets, containing varying levels of raw sugar, not identified differences in daily gain of pigs between 25 and 90 kg live weight.
There were significant differences (P <0.01) for the conversion protein for pigs fed diets based on JCA, in contrast to what happened to the animals fed a conventional diet. These results are in agreement with the observations of Speedy et al. [32], who suggested that perhaps the protein, not the order of amino acids in pigs fed with JCA are actually lower than those recommended by some [23], but at the same time, these results are contradictory to previous observations other authors [6]. It is considered that in this direction, more research is needed because there is no coherent explanation for these results.
Carcass traits showed no significant difference as a result of introducing the JCA in the diet of pigs (Table V), none of the conditions of this assessment.
Monday
The Juice Weight Loss
The freshly squeezed fruit and vegetables are one of the most nutritious foods you can include in the diet. Quick to assimilate and absorb the natural juices are an excellent source of vitamins and minerals, particularly beta-carotene, vitamin C and potassium.
With the help of the vitamins - A, C and E, the body fight against free radicals. And citrus, kiwi, strawberry and green leafy vegetables lead the legions antioxidants. To be most effective, it is best eaten fresh because the vitamin C, by contact with oxygen loses some of its properties.
If you're doing a weight loss - weight loss is preferable to eat whole fruits or vegetables because andalusia squeezed decrease the percentage of fiber. Instead, bring the whole piece the same calories but kept intact the portion fibers. they are irreplaceable as they provide feelings of satiety and improve intestinal function and helping to lower cholesterol.
If profit is, the list is long. The juices cleanse the body from the inside. Contain bioactive substances that make a difference in preventing heart disease, strokes and various cancers. Improve eyesight, muscular work - including the heart, and kidney function instestinal and prevent hypertension. The skin looks healthier, stronger nails and hair more shiny. You think so little?
Some values
Peach, apricot, cantaloupe, tomatoes and carrots are rich in beta carotene.
The strawberry, kiwi, oranges, grapefruit and lemon, pineapple and tomato vitaminaC and potassium in the damascus, carrot, peach, strawberry and the kiwi.
One ... and other
Packaged juices are a practical alternative to modern life. Nacelles are in supermarkets ready to be served. But like most, are not equal to the facts at home. Many nutrients are on the road during the pasteurization process.
Provide natural vitamins and minerals while the latter, added sugars and calories. All brands in the market have between 80 and 90 percent water and only an average of 10 percent real fruit. Before you buy read the labels carefully to see if the product is diet or not.
Here's why. In Diet foods, sugars are replaced by natural or artificial sweeteners. The question is who made the law made the trap. Many products replace sucrose (sugar) for other simple carbohydrates that ultimately provides the same calories as sugar. And in many cases, they add further preservatives that provide low-calorie diet to diet and hardly any essential nutrient.
Natural Methods
Natural methods to lose weight are so popular today that we can find many recipes in this regard. One, which is based on the exclusive consumption of juices for three days, you can have more of those kilos disappear and a little help detoxify.
The stored body fat that is deposited in so-called adipose cells, which have the capacity to increase up to 10 times its size, which is reflected in body size. Therefore, weight loss really means to decrease the amount of fat without losing muscle mass.
However, it is important that not always is that you lose pounds thinner. To understand better, imagine that someone has diarrhea and weight is reduced considerably in a few days, which does not mean it has ceased to be obese.
What this Diet
The diet that you will have to burn fat and lose weight at the same time. Is to take natural fruit juices such as papaya, pineapple and tamarind, which have the properties needed to mobilize and burn fat.
Papaya is a plant native to America and its juice contains papain, an enzyme similar to pepsin produced by the human digestive system and is required to maximize protein and improve the digestive process. It also provides vitamins A and C, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc and carbohydrates and is a source of carotenoids (as well as other fruits orange pigment, such as carrots), which help prevent damage to the skin by radicals free, which is expressed in the form of wrinkles.
In turn, the pineapple is rich in minerals and contains at least 18 amino acids (pillars of nutrition), plus a proteolytic enzyme called melina verve, which acts as anti-inflammatory and diuretic. Pineapple juice speeds up the digestive process and is an excellent remedy for the affections of the throat and diphtheria, with its antibiotic properties.
The third member of the tamarind diet is rich in potassium and less sodium, iron, calcium, magnesium and vitamin C. Some of their acid components (hidrocitico, succinic and tartaric) block the action of the receptor cells of fat.
Diet without losing Energias
Despite that, over the diet does not consume any other foods, fruits provide us with input of vitamins, fiber, minerals, amino acids and carbohydrates (which provide the energy the body requires). However, it should be be clear that due to lack of protein can cause some problems such as weakening and nerve disorders, which suggests not extend beyond three days. To suffer no damage is important that throughout this period ingesting dietary supplements rich in vitamins B and C, plus daily drink two liters of water (preferably mineral) to prevent dehydration of the tissues, as well as physical exercise in Light sessions.
It is also recommended that a week before the start of the diet drink any juice of fruit signals, or a concentrate of all of them during dinner. So run the agency not to suffer the effects of this diet.
From the first day to take a 250 liters milliliters (equivalent to five cups) per day of pineapple juice, papaya and tamarind (the last one is recommended to use an extractor) in five equal doses of 250 ml, one at breakfast Another, diluted in half a liter of water to consume throughout the morning, more food and snack in the same manner and dinner.
Once the diet is important to restart the soft food products to not force the digestive process (boiled chicken and vegetables, minimum amount of fat, grilled meat, etc.). It is equally important to maintain the consumption of these juices, for a months, as the only way the body recover its normal operation.
Finally, to maintain optimal performance longer be ignored completely refined flour and sweets (sweet bread, pasta) as well as alcohol and meat with excessive fat, limit dairy products (except cheese, yogurt and sugar) and exercise. More, the diet should be repeated three months after it is completed, again following each indication
With the help of the vitamins - A, C and E, the body fight against free radicals. And citrus, kiwi, strawberry and green leafy vegetables lead the legions antioxidants. To be most effective, it is best eaten fresh because the vitamin C, by contact with oxygen loses some of its properties.
If you're doing a weight loss - weight loss is preferable to eat whole fruits or vegetables because andalusia squeezed decrease the percentage of fiber. Instead, bring the whole piece the same calories but kept intact the portion fibers. they are irreplaceable as they provide feelings of satiety and improve intestinal function and helping to lower cholesterol.
If profit is, the list is long. The juices cleanse the body from the inside. Contain bioactive substances that make a difference in preventing heart disease, strokes and various cancers. Improve eyesight, muscular work - including the heart, and kidney function instestinal and prevent hypertension. The skin looks healthier, stronger nails and hair more shiny. You think so little?
Some values
Peach, apricot, cantaloupe, tomatoes and carrots are rich in beta carotene.
The strawberry, kiwi, oranges, grapefruit and lemon, pineapple and tomato vitaminaC and potassium in the damascus, carrot, peach, strawberry and the kiwi.
One ... and other
Packaged juices are a practical alternative to modern life. Nacelles are in supermarkets ready to be served. But like most, are not equal to the facts at home. Many nutrients are on the road during the pasteurization process.
Provide natural vitamins and minerals while the latter, added sugars and calories. All brands in the market have between 80 and 90 percent water and only an average of 10 percent real fruit. Before you buy read the labels carefully to see if the product is diet or not.
Here's why. In Diet foods, sugars are replaced by natural or artificial sweeteners. The question is who made the law made the trap. Many products replace sucrose (sugar) for other simple carbohydrates that ultimately provides the same calories as sugar. And in many cases, they add further preservatives that provide low-calorie diet to diet and hardly any essential nutrient.
Natural Methods
Natural methods to lose weight are so popular today that we can find many recipes in this regard. One, which is based on the exclusive consumption of juices for three days, you can have more of those kilos disappear and a little help detoxify.
The stored body fat that is deposited in so-called adipose cells, which have the capacity to increase up to 10 times its size, which is reflected in body size. Therefore, weight loss really means to decrease the amount of fat without losing muscle mass.
However, it is important that not always is that you lose pounds thinner. To understand better, imagine that someone has diarrhea and weight is reduced considerably in a few days, which does not mean it has ceased to be obese.
What this Diet
The diet that you will have to burn fat and lose weight at the same time. Is to take natural fruit juices such as papaya, pineapple and tamarind, which have the properties needed to mobilize and burn fat.
Papaya is a plant native to America and its juice contains papain, an enzyme similar to pepsin produced by the human digestive system and is required to maximize protein and improve the digestive process. It also provides vitamins A and C, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc and carbohydrates and is a source of carotenoids (as well as other fruits orange pigment, such as carrots), which help prevent damage to the skin by radicals free, which is expressed in the form of wrinkles.
In turn, the pineapple is rich in minerals and contains at least 18 amino acids (pillars of nutrition), plus a proteolytic enzyme called melina verve, which acts as anti-inflammatory and diuretic. Pineapple juice speeds up the digestive process and is an excellent remedy for the affections of the throat and diphtheria, with its antibiotic properties.
The third member of the tamarind diet is rich in potassium and less sodium, iron, calcium, magnesium and vitamin C. Some of their acid components (hidrocitico, succinic and tartaric) block the action of the receptor cells of fat.
Diet without losing Energias
Despite that, over the diet does not consume any other foods, fruits provide us with input of vitamins, fiber, minerals, amino acids and carbohydrates (which provide the energy the body requires). However, it should be be clear that due to lack of protein can cause some problems such as weakening and nerve disorders, which suggests not extend beyond three days. To suffer no damage is important that throughout this period ingesting dietary supplements rich in vitamins B and C, plus daily drink two liters of water (preferably mineral) to prevent dehydration of the tissues, as well as physical exercise in Light sessions.
It is also recommended that a week before the start of the diet drink any juice of fruit signals, or a concentrate of all of them during dinner. So run the agency not to suffer the effects of this diet.
From the first day to take a 250 liters milliliters (equivalent to five cups) per day of pineapple juice, papaya and tamarind (the last one is recommended to use an extractor) in five equal doses of 250 ml, one at breakfast Another, diluted in half a liter of water to consume throughout the morning, more food and snack in the same manner and dinner.
Once the diet is important to restart the soft food products to not force the digestive process (boiled chicken and vegetables, minimum amount of fat, grilled meat, etc.). It is equally important to maintain the consumption of these juices, for a months, as the only way the body recover its normal operation.
Finally, to maintain optimal performance longer be ignored completely refined flour and sweets (sweet bread, pasta) as well as alcohol and meat with excessive fat, limit dairy products (except cheese, yogurt and sugar) and exercise. More, the diet should be repeated three months after it is completed, again following each indication
What Aldettoks Detox?
The adoption of a particular diet for a certain period, to remove toxins and toxin from the body and attached to this exercise.
Sources of toxins in the body:
As for pollution, chemicals or food additives and processed in the Fruit or vegetables, or processed foods, in addition to pesticides and Fresheners and cleaning products and smoke cigarettes.
May also be sources of toxins and toxin from the manufacture of the body at the same Txeirh Alberotineat if this results in cracking of the ammonia and ketones. Therefore, in moving away from the meat diets.
Tips for better Dettoks:
Major Shi Anbdo diet by the time we choose an appropriate diet in which our commitments and our work less.
And above all psychological and has to be a good move away as much as possible on their tension and stress, such as pressure of work, examinations, problems of life ...
It is better if you Tervhin Bhalhmia possible Takven Tonsk total number of novels, or the follow-up programs, audio and away you no time pressure.
And better to stay away from computers and mobile as possible, even if we appreciate the television.
But from my experience that might actually felt bored with my life like that Egini Bhalhmia, so many Azog I am Emil and the Shuf ????????? comedy films in particular because it is no time for me greatly, and if felt very forced to deny cooking programs (Fatafit) and Atelzz Bamoriaat and console myself.
Also the practice of sport light is very important, such as walking, jogging and yoga, if possible, because it improves psychological addition it helps to get rid of the toxins and excess weight. And away from the advice of cruel sports.
Leaving the rest of the body, pharmaceutical industry, and get as far away as possible from the cover body Palmriham and pharmaceuticals, in the case of the need for the products you use moisturizing Kalziot Use natural materials and that the items are Amutiri membership.
Personally used a set of grapes Uxtian help in getting rid of the toxins (group care for 30 days)
Sources of toxins in the body:
As for pollution, chemicals or food additives and processed in the Fruit or vegetables, or processed foods, in addition to pesticides and Fresheners and cleaning products and smoke cigarettes.
May also be sources of toxins and toxin from the manufacture of the body at the same Txeirh Alberotineat if this results in cracking of the ammonia and ketones. Therefore, in moving away from the meat diets.
Tips for better Dettoks:
Major Shi Anbdo diet by the time we choose an appropriate diet in which our commitments and our work less.
And above all psychological and has to be a good move away as much as possible on their tension and stress, such as pressure of work, examinations, problems of life ...
It is better if you Tervhin Bhalhmia possible Takven Tonsk total number of novels, or the follow-up programs, audio and away you no time pressure.
And better to stay away from computers and mobile as possible, even if we appreciate the television.
But from my experience that might actually felt bored with my life like that Egini Bhalhmia, so many Azog I am Emil and the Shuf ????????? comedy films in particular because it is no time for me greatly, and if felt very forced to deny cooking programs (Fatafit) and Atelzz Bamoriaat and console myself.
Also the practice of sport light is very important, such as walking, jogging and yoga, if possible, because it improves psychological addition it helps to get rid of the toxins and excess weight. And away from the advice of cruel sports.
Leaving the rest of the body, pharmaceutical industry, and get as far away as possible from the cover body Palmriham and pharmaceuticals, in the case of the need for the products you use moisturizing Kalziot Use natural materials and that the items are Amutiri membership.
Personally used a set of grapes Uxtian help in getting rid of the toxins (group care for 30 days)
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
